The following course descriptions include courses that may or will be offered at Hampton Roads Academy in the 2007-2008 school year. Such offerings are subject to addition, deletion, and change. No guarantee is made that any particular course will be available to any student who wishes to take it. In most cases, faculty permission, seniority, and graduation requirements will be the determining factors for student eligibility.

Advanced Placement (AP) and Honors Classes
Eligible students are invited to apply for an Honors or Advanced Placement level class by each academic department. Course selections made by students are reviewed by the Curriculum Committee for final approval. Students must maintain prescribed minimum standards or be subject to dismissal from the Honors or Advanced Placement program. All students enrolled in Advanced Placement courses are required to complete the course and to take the Advanced Placement exam.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Graduation Requirements
English Department
Mathematics Department
Science Department
Social Studies Department
Foreign Language Department
Physical Education
Fine Arts Department
General Electives
Independent Study

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

1. Graduation requirements are met with courses taken in grades 9-12. Credit is granted for foreign language and physical education courses that are successfully completed in the eighth grade, and for math requirements completed prior to grade nine.

2. Course credits are awarded in the following manner: one-half (½) credit is awarded for a course that is completed during one semester. Courses that require two semesters to complete will be awarded one (1) credit upon successful completion. All students must take a minimum of five courses in each semester. Students must earn a minimum of four credits in their senior year.

3. Successful completion of the Senior Project is a requirement for graduation.

4. Credits earned at institutions other than Hampton Roads Academy are accepted to meet the above requirements only with the approval of the Acadmic Affairs Committee.

5. Waivers from graduation requirements are not granted.

6. Forty hours of individual community service must be completed in order to meet requirements for senior exemption and graduation.
Twenty-one and one-half credits are required for graduation and
distributed as follows:
* English.................4...............One each year, Grades 9-12
Mathematics...........3..............Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II
Science...................3...............Grades 9-12
Social Studies............4............World History I, World History II,
United States History, Government
Foreign Language......3............Of any one language or 2 years Latin,
2 years Modern
**Fine Arts................1½.........Any approved program in the arts
****Physical Education.........5 Seasons or Units...........Grades 9-10
Elective Requirements.....1.....Any course beyond the above

* Successful completion of the Senior Project is a requirement for graduation.

** Students must fulfill this requirement by completing courses from at least two different areas within the Fine Arts.

*** Students who participate in the Upper School Chorus or the Upper School Band class can fulfill the Fine Arts requirement by completing three semesters of either Upper School Band or Upper School Chorus.

****A “season” or unit consists of a season of the following: a high school sport as an athlete, manager, or trainer; a semester PE Elective; or a departmentally approved off-campus activity (not to exceed 2 seasons of off-campus credit).

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Chairman: TBA

111 READING 6
The sixth grade reading program encourages students to develop life-long reading habits and a love of reading. Students choose books to read from a list of over 2,000 novels, including the classics, young adolescent literature, and multi-cultural literature, thereby enhancing comprehension on their independent reading levels. In addition, students build their reading and speaking vocabularies while becoming familiar with various authors; use critical reading and thinking skills when exploring the newspaper; analyze the elements of the short story and poetry; learn techniques for reading non-fiction materials; and practice test-taking and study skills strategies. Required of all sixth graders.

113 ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION 6
The goal of this course is to develop life-long communicators of the English language through the expansion of grammar, usage, mechanics, and writing skills. The English class reinforces the skills needed to write successfully across the curriculum and to use writing as a tool for learning. The grammar and composition strand focuses on the functions and proper use of language in writing with an emphasis on mechanics and usage, as well as on sentence and paragraph formation. Students utilize the writing process through a modified Writing Workshop format. Students complete an interdisciplinary research paper following guidelines found in The Modern Language Association of America’s MLA Handbook. Required of all sixth graders.

121 ENGLISH 7
The seventh grade English course combines and extends the objectives of Reading 6 and English Grammar and Composition 6. The class incorporates four curricular strands: reading, writing, grammar and vocabulary. The reading strand increases the students’ knowledge of our literary heritage, provides a strong foundation for future growth in reading, and engages students in critical analysis of literature. The writing strand reinforces the skills needed to write effectively across the curriculum. The grammar strand reaffirms the fundamentals of the parts of speech, sentence construction, punctuation, and paragraph structure, as students develop more sophisticated composition skills. The vocabulary strand expands students’ written and oral vocabulary. The course also provides opportunities for oral presentations and creative projects. Required of all seventh graders.

131 ENGLISH 8
In conjunction with the philosophy of the Academy, this course endeavors to broaden and deepen the students’ understandings of literature in the belief that literature helps us to come to a greater knowledge of ourselves and the world in which we live. In light of this belief, students explore the theme of “Community” through the study of multiple genres. Throughout the year, students read voluminously and write frequently, applying their developing grammar skills and knowledge of usage to the written word. They learn to develop a “voice” through exercises in both creative writing and persuasive prose. Finally, they expand that voice into effective oral expression by presenting and evaluating speeches and dramatic presentations. Course objectives are supplemented with field trips that complement the course material and make it a more tangible part of the students’ real world. All of this work should produce a clearer understanding of the purpose and pleasure of literature, a better ability to express oneself clearly and concisely, and an even greater success in those other courses and vocations which require one to think and write well in order to succeed.

141 INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITION AND LITERATURE
This course builds upon the skills students have learned in middle school, including vocabulary, grammar, literature, writing, and study skills. Ultimately, all course work relates to making them more efficient writers. During the first semester, their writing evolves from a natural progression of writing the sentence, to the paragraph, to the short essay, to the research paper, with an emphasis on being original and avoiding plagiarism. Students write essays in a variety of rhetorical modes, such as narration, description, illustration, process analysis, comparison/contrast, classification and division, definition, and cause and effect. Literature is primarily non-fiction with a novel unit at the end of the semester. During the second semester, the emphasis switches from expository writing to literary analysis, argumentation and persuasion. In addition, students will explore different modes of creative writing. Writing is based on selections from world literature encompassing mythology, Shakespearean Drama, poetry, and contemporary short stories. Required of all ninth graders.

152 BRITISH LITERATURE
This course is a chronological and thematic study of British Literature from Beowulf to the present. It provides a forum whereby students interact with literature on a personal level as they build upon previous language skills: grammar, vocabulary, and composition. They write both expressively and analytically in response to the literature studied and to personal experience. Writing takes the form of literary analysis, the personal essay, and creative writing, including poetry. Finally, they review research skills and write a research paper.

162 UNITED STATES LITERATURE
This literature and composition course, a study of American literature from early Native Americans to contemporary writers, explores the intellectual, social, and political issues affecting our literary heritage. The focus is on both the utilitarian literature from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries as well as on the imaginative literature from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. In addition, the students develop their English skills through a variety of methods addressing the students’ different learning styles: group discussions and projects, electronic slide presentations, oral presentations, peer editing groups, and dramatic presentations. The students continue to develop their writing skills in the form of expository and analytical essays, creative writing, and the thesis paper. This course is required of all juniors not enrolled in Advanced Placement Junior English.

163 ENGLISH ELECTIVE: THE MOVING IMAGE: FILM ANALYSIS AND PRODUCTION (Full Year)
From commercials to feature length films, the screen has become the dominant medium for both information and entertainment. This class cultivates critical awareness of film history and the techniques used to produce the moving image. Students will encounter and analyze various genres of film, ranging from the thriller to the documentary. Ultimately, students will cultivate, implement and express the intellectual tools of critically assessing films. Thus, they will become more mature and critical viewers. In a final group project, students will make their own film, incorporating techniques discussed in the class. They will produce refined products, which will be shown at the end of the second semester in a celebratory film festival.
167 ADVANCED PLACEMENT JUNIOR ENGLISH: LANGUAGE AND
COMPOSITION
Admission is by permission of the department.
This composition, rhetoric, and literature course prepares the student to take the Advanced Placement Examination in Language and Composition. According to the College Board, students in this class become “skilled readers of prose written in a variety of periods, disciplines, and rhetorical contexts” and become “skilled readers who compose for a variety of purposes.” This course emphasizes expository, analytical, and argumentative writing to enable students to “write effectively . . . in their college courses across the curriculum and in their professional lives.” Also included is a concentrated study of United States Literature, whereby material is covered at a faster pace than the United States Literature class. In the spring, students review research skills and write an argumentative synthesis paper. Students are required to take the Advanced Placement Examination in Language and Composition in May.

172A SENIOR ENGLISH: FOUNDATIONS OF JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION
In this semester-long course, students will explore the institutions of journalism and mass communication, their philosophical foundations, history, processes, economic realities and effects. Students will learn proper journalistic practices and techniques that will be applied to various projects, including the Academy newspaper. This particular English elective is open to 10th – 12th graders who wish to assist with newspaper production. This course may be repeated with permission. Fall and spring semesters.

172B SENIOR ENGLISH: CREATIVE WRITING
This one-semester workshop course in Creative Writing is designed to teach the craft of writing poems and short stories. Students learn to generate ideas, revise drafts, and critique the work of classmates. We will read a selection of poetry and fiction, primarily by American writers, to become familiar with fiction and verse forms. Assignments explore various aspects of poetry (such as imagery, voice, and form) and fiction (such as characterization, dialogue, and setting). The course culminates in a final portfolio of students’ revised work. Fall and spring semesters.

172C SENIOR ENGLISH: MYTH AND THE MODERN WORLD
The noted mythologist Joseph Campbell writes that “modern culture has lost touch with its myths” and that this loss explains the ills of contemporary Western society. This class, through the study of various texts and secondary materials, examines the validity of Campbell’s claim and its potential ramifications for the modern world with the ultimate goal of creating a mythology for the twenty-first century. Texts studied may include but are not limited to the following: Joseph Campbell’s The Power of Myth, Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Rudolfo Anaya’s Heart of Aztlan, and Marge Piercy’s Woman on the Edge of Time. Students also screen Star Wars and selected videos from Desmond Morris’s anthropology series. Fall semester only.

172D SENIOR ENGLISH: PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SPEAKING
This course introduces students to the practical skills of successful public speaking, covering all major components of speech writing, preparation, and presentation. Concentrations include the following: formulating specific purpose statements; analyzing and adopting to specific occasions and audiences; organizing ideas and outlines; assessing evidence and reasoning; using proper language; utilizing proper physical and vocal techniques; and developing a confident method to prepare for speaking situations that will arise in their continuing education, careers, and communities. Types of speeches include the following: introduction, improvisation, demonstration, information, persuasion, special occasion, and entertainment. Fall and spring semesters.

172E SENIOR ENGLISH: DECONSTRUCTING GENDER
This course, through the study of various texts and secondary materials, seeks to establish the extent to which Western concepts of masculinity and femininity are socially constructed; moreover, the class explores the effects of these prescribed “codes” on men and women with the goal of understanding how these codes are perpetuated or challenged by poetry and literature. Selections from Mary Pipher’s Reviving Ophelia and Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson’s Raising Cain form the basis for studying works which span the centuries from Sappho’s poems to Norman MacLean’s A River Runs Through It. Spring semester only.

172F SENIOR ENGLISH:CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN-AMERICAN
LITERATURE
This course is a study of the late-twentieth century African-American short fiction and assorted scholarly essays describing historical and social perspectives on race. The racial identity theory is examined and the primary text is Terry McMillan’s Breaking Ice: An Anthology of Contemporary African-American Fiction. Additional texts supplement that work. The course’s themes are explored in several films, including Spike Lee’s Do the Right Thing. Grades are based on two major tests, a number of short papers, and a project. NOT OFFERED IN 2007-2008.

172G SENIOR ENGLIGH: POST-WWII AMERICAN LITERATURE
Students in this one-semester course will explore Post-World War II Contemporary and post-Modern American literature, with a focus on the genres of drama, poetry, and fiction. Class readings will delve into the conventions and themes which exemplify these important literary movements. Texts may include but are not limited to the following: Edward Albee’s Zoo Story, Tennessee Williams’s Sweet Bird of Youth, Saul Bellow’s Henderson the Rain King, Chuck Palahniuk’s ­Fight Club, and selected poetry, and short pieces of fiction. Fall and spring semesters.

177 ADVANCED PLACEMENT SENIOR ENGLISH: LITERATURE AND
COMPOSITION
Admission is by permission of the department.
If, as Socrates suggested, the unexamined life is not worth living, then a significant purpose of the study of literature is to examine our lives and culture, using the authors of millennia of literature as our guides. The AP English course in Literature and Composition, a second-year college level course, engages students in the careful reading and critical analysis of imaginative literature. Through the close reading of selected, paired texts, students deepen their understanding of the ways writers use language to provide both meaning and pleasure for their readers. Agreeing with Henry David Thoreau’s observation that it is wisest to read the best books first, the course also holds that such reading should be accompanied by thoughtful discussion in seminar format and incisive writing in selected modes of discourse. Grades are based on major tests, a number of brief quizzes, multiple short essays, and class participation.
MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT
Chairman: Ms. Jennifer Flannery

Placement at all levels of mathematics is based on student achievement and departmental recommendation.

212 PRE-ALGEBRA-A
This course begins the transition from an arithmetic to an algebraic approach to mathematics, facilitating the changes needed in order to study higher math. Students hone their skills in the basic operations with whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and percentages while being taught the algebraic processes behind these skills. Emphasis is placed upon the relationship between arithmetic processes and these same processes depicted with variables, to include some work actually done in Algebra classes. By the end of the year, students change the way they approach problem solving and begin to work with integers.

222 PRE-ALGEBRA-B
Pre-Algebra-B continues the transition from an arithmetic to an algebraic approach to mathematics. Concepts are introduced with emphasis on algebraic theory followed by practical application. All operations with real numbers and variables are fine-tuned. Solution of equations is interwoven throughout the course to include equation-based problem solving. A formal introduction to geometry is included in the course.

241 ALGEBRA I
This course is a one-year study of elementary algebra; it proceeds rapidly initially through the prerequisite topics and continues at a pace that demands daily preparation from the student. Note taking and mathematical dialogue are emphasized. Major topics include inequalities, solving equations, factoring, graphing, and radical expressions.

Note: Students who receive a final grade below C+ (77) in Algebra I may not advance to the next level of mathematics until they take remedial summer work in an approved summer program and present evidence of achievement by taking a proficiency indicator prepared and administered by the math department or repeat the course in the following year. It is strongly recommended that middle school students repeat the class.

251 GEOMETRY
This course in Euclidean geometry emphasizes principles learned in Algebra I in the study of plane and solid geometry. Deductive and inductive reasoning and the two-column proof method of geometric theorems are introduced. The first semester topics include the relationship between points, lines, and planes; parallelism; logical reasoning; proofs; geometric constructions; and triangle congruence. The second semester topics include properties of quadrilaterals, similarity, the Pythagorean Theorem, right triangle trigonometry, regular polygons, secants and tangents to circles, and elementary solid geometry. The class work is supplemented by frequent computer laboratory work using geometry software. During the second semester, each student is required to complete a geometry project, which involves student research of applied geometry.

255 HONORS ALGEBRA II/TRIGONOMETRY
This course is an accelerated study of advanced algebra topics culminating with the equivalent of a semester’s study of trigonometry during the last six weeks. Graphing calculators are introduced and used extensively in this course.

261 ALGEBRA II
Following the strengthening of basic algebra skills in the first semester, a thorough treatment of algebraic concepts is provided through the study of polynomial and rational functions. Graphing calculators are introduced and used extensively in this course. Successful completion of this course is a graduation requirement.

266 HONORS PRE-CALULUS
This course features an accelerated review of algebraic topics in the first semester. The curriculum prepares students for the algebraic complexities and the analytic nature of a rigorous calculus course. A thorough exploration of trigonometry follows in the second semester as well as an introduction to limits and derivatives. Students attain the skills necessary for success in higher-level math courses.
271 PRE-CALCULUS
Prerequisite: Algebra II
This first semester of pre-calculus consists of a review of algebra skills and a thorough investigation of polynomial, rational, exponential and logarithmic functions. Complete analysis of these functions is accomplished with extensive use of a graphing calculator. The second semester includes a complete course in trigonometry. Topics included are trigonometric functions and their inverse functions, the unit circle, graphs and verifications. Additionally, limits are introduced to lead to an advanced study of calculus. Advanced algebraic skills are incorporated throughout the course to prepare students for rigorous college level math and science course work.

272 HONORS CALCULUS
Prerequisite: Pre-Calculus.
Calculus is a one-year course for students who have completed a pre-calculus preparation. Topics covered include a unified analysis of functions, limits, differentiation, and integration, with particular attention to the need for calculus techniques in problem solving. While not intended to adhere to the Advanced Placement Calculus syllabus, the course is equivalent to a one-semester, college calculus course.

276 ALGEBRA III/TRIGONOMETRY
Prerequisite: Algebra II
This course reviews, strengthens and expands skills necessary to develop a strong foundation in algebra. Emphasis is placed on using these skills as tools for solving real-life problems. The trigonometry component is a careful approach to the trigonometric functions as defined in terms of right triangles as well as the unit circle. Students evaluate and manipulate the functions for graphing and problem solving.

277 ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS AB
Prerequisite: Completion of Honors Pre-Calculus with a minimum B- average and departmental approval.
This course completely covers the syllabus for the Advanced Placement Calculus AB Exam, given to attain college credit for a one-semester calculus course. All students are required to take the AB form of the Advanced Placement Calculus Examination.
278 ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS BC
Prerequisite: Honors Pre-Calculus or higher and departmental approval.
This course completely covers the syllabus for the Advanced Placement Calculus BC exam, given to attain college credit for two semesters of calculus. All students are required to take the BC form of the Advanced Placement Calculus Examination.

279 ADVANCED PLACMENT STATISTICS
Prerequisite: Pre-Calculus and departmental approval
This course introduces students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes: exploring date, planning a study, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement Statistics Examination.

SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
Chairman: Mr. Arcand

Placement in any Honors or Advanced Placement course is based upon student achievement and departmental recommendation.

311 GENERAL SCIENCE 6
The sixth grade General Science course is designed to be the introductory course in the Academy’s science curriculum. It provides the student with the basic terminology and concepts that are used in future science courses. The emphasis of this course is to tie the subjects being taught to the day-to-day environment experienced by the students. Numerous laboratory experiments and demonstration are included to introduce the scientific method and reinforce the concepts being taught.

321 LIFE SCIENCE 7
Basic biological science is presented in this course. Laboratory investigation includes field work, dissections, and a continuation of basic laboratory techniques. Topics include use of the scientific method and use of the microscope, classification of living things, systems of the human body, ecology, and the environment. Live animals and plants are observed and discussed in the classroom.

331 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 8
This course presents a one-semester introduction to chemistry and a one-semester introduction to physics. A foundation in these areas is provided for further study at the upper school level. Laboratory work is an integral part of this course.

351 BIOLOGY
This class is a general survey course exploring the varied and intricate worlds of living things. Topics may include the following: basic biological theories, cell structure and function, genetics, plant studies, vertebrates, human anatomy and physiology, and ecology with a special emphasis on the Chesapeake Bay. Regular laboratory work and research projects are an integral part of this course.

361 CHEMISTRY
Co-requisite: Geometry or higher.
This class is a general course concentrating on basic principles of chemistry and includes a study of elements, structure of matter, and bonding fundamentals. It incorporates a conceptual approach to chemistry with less emphasis placed on problem solving involving mathematical applications. Regular laboratory work is an integral part of this course.

365 HONORS CHEMISTRY
Co-requisite: Honors Algebra II/Trigonometry or higher.
This course is designed to be an advanced high school science course exploring chemistry. Students develop and apply problem-solving skills to laboratory experiments as well as written problems. A conceptual approach to understanding the basic interaction of matter and energy are developed. A scientific calculator is allowed on all assignments requiring calculations. This course serves as a preparatory course for most college-level chemistry programs, as well as for the Advanced Placement Chemistry class.
Admission is by permission of the department.

371 PHYSICS
Prerequisite: Geometry.
This general course concentrates on the basic principles of physics. Topics studied include mechanics, heat, light, sound, electrical theory, and nuclear physics. A strong emphasis is placed on problem solving. Mathematical relationships are developed and applied. This is a full laboratory course and completion of formal laboratory reports is required.

375 HONORS PHYSICS
Co-requisite: Algebra II/Trigonometry or higher.
This course is an in-depth study of physics for students interested in pursuing further scientific or technical interests. This course prepares students for Advanced Placement Physics. Topics include the following: mechanics and gravitation, light and sound, electronics, electricity and magnetism, and electrostatics, with greater emphasis placed on problem solving. This class is a full laboratory course requiring completion of formal laboratory reports.
Admission is by permission of the department.
377 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS
Prerequisites: Honors Algebra II/Trigonometry and Honors Physics.
This course is an in-depth study of the discipline for students interested in pursuing further scientific or technical interests. This is a fast-paced mathematically rigorous course, heavily oriented toward critical thinking. Topics include the following: mechanics, gravity, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism, and nuclear physics with emphasis placed on problem solving. This class is a full laboratory course requiring the completion of formal lab reports. Students taking Advanced Placement Physics are required to take the B examination.
Admission is by permission of the department.

378 ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Prerequisites: Biology, and Chemistry or Physics
This course is an investigation of the relationship between abiotic, or nonliving components, and the biotic, or living components, on the sustainability of ecosystems. Of particular emphasis is the human impact upon abiotic sources, including nutrient availability for ecosystems. The equivalent of a four-hour college course with a laboratory section, this course is a full laboratory course requiring research and reports on a regular basis. Students must take the Advanced Placement examination at the end of the course.

387 ADVANCED PLACEMENT BIOLOGY
Prerequisites: Biology and Chemistry.
This course is the equivalent of an eight-hour college freshman introductory biology course. Molecular biology and genetics are the focus of the first semester. Phylogeny, animal physiology, and ecology are investigated in the second semester. This is a rigorous course that focuses on biology as a process. Students must demonstrate a strong record of accomplishment in biology and chemistry. Students are required to take the Advanced Placement Biology examination.
Admission is by permission of the department.

391 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Prerequisite: Biology. Co-requisite: Chemistry.
This course is a two-semester introduction to human anatomy and physiology focusing on the structure and function of the human body. The course follows a systemic approach to the study of the human body and includes examinations of cell, tissue, and organ structure and function. The pace and depth is suitable for those students whose scientific interest and background is nominal, but who wish to pursue greater knowledge in the area. Laboratory experiments and procedures, including dissection, are also a part of this course.

392 FORENSIC SCIENCE
Prerequisites: Biology and chemistry or physics
Forensic science is the application of sciences when investigating a crime scene or analyzing evidence. This multidisciplinary course combines aspects of biology, biotechnology, chemistry, and physics. Students use observation, microscopy, chromatography, serology, DNA fingerprinting, and other laboratory skills commonly used in forensic investigation. Laboratory work and written reports are required in this one-semester course.
Fall and spring semesters

393 MARINE BIOLOGY
Prerequisites: Biology and Chemistry.
The study of marine biology utilizes many different scientific fields to explore a variety of ecosystems. The course emphasizes ecological principles that operate throughout the marine environment. Students study estuaries and salt marshes to acquire an understanding of the functioning of ecosystems in this region. Field work is prefaced and supported with studies of literature and a working knowledge of flora and fauna that characterize the ecosystems. The questions “why” and “how” summarize the approach of this course. An emphasis is placed on field experiences and research. There is an additional laboratory fee of approximately $200.

395 TOPICS IN GENETICS
Prerequisites: Biology and Chemistry
Take tour of today’s cutting edge topics in science – stem cell research, mammalian cloning, and personalized medicine to name a few. Explore current and potential advancements in medicine and healthcare made possible by the synergistic combination of science and technology. Discuss the challenges that arise as innovative capabilities propel society into unchartered bioethical territory. Take some time to learn those fundamental genetic principles necessary not only to understand the biological world, but also to succeed on related standardized test questions! Offered as a one semester class in the fall.

394 ORNITHOLOGY
Prerequisites: Biology and Chemistry
Hone your observational, auditory, laboratory and record keeping skills, appreciate avian diversity in a natural setting, and discuss the amazing adaptations that make our feathered friends so special. As a combination lecture/lab this course provides a biological overview of birds including species identification, anatomy and physiology, form and function, behavior and communication, breeding systems, and health. Exploration through readings, class discussion, dissection, and field observation will provide a well-rounded approach to ornithology. Offered as one semester elective in the spring. Binoculars are required.

396 CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN BIOETHICS
Prerequisite: Biology and Chemistry
This discussion-based course will address the ethical questions that arise from the relationship between the life sciences, medicine, politics, law, philosophy and psychology. Topics will include aging and end-of-life, biotechnology, cloning, genetics, health care, abortion, animal research, stem cells, sex selection, organ transplantation, and others. Students will be responsible for daily readings and journal entries, individual and group projects/presentations, in-class debates, research papers, and a final exam. As a seminar-style course, students must participate in class and feel be comfortable speaking in front of their peers. This class is a one semester elective offered in the spring.

397 ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY
Prerequisites: Honors Chemistry and completion of Honors
Algebra II/Trigonometry.
This class is a full-year course for those students who, after one year of chemistry, desire to attain college credit. The advanced curriculum includes stoichiometry, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, and equilibrium. Problem solving, weekly laboratory work, and application are emphasized. Students must take the Advanced Placement Chemistry examination. This course explores the history and development of chemistry and is strongly oriented toward problem solving to improve chemistry competence. The material presented shadows those topics suggested by the Advanced Placement Chemistry guidebook.
Admission is by permission of the department.
SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
Chairman: Mr. Norako

411 WORLD CIVILIZATIONS/STUDY SKILLS
This course explores the concept of civilization in the context of early Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Classical Greece, and Rome. It concludes with an investigation of the reemergence of civilization during the early Middle Ages. Study skills include note taking strategies, outlining, basic research techniques, class discussions and debates, test taking strategies, and higher level thinking strategies. Required of sixth graders.

421 WORLD GEOGRAPHY-THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY
This course represents an introduction to world cultures, with an emphasis upon gaining understanding of trends associated with cultural diffusion, growing global awareness, and global economics. Through general studies of various culture regions, the students acquire a basis for future study of the modern issues and political developments that shape societies. Cultural emphasis includes the non-Western regions of North Africa and Southwest Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eurasia, and Asia. Map skills are developed throughout the year, as well as mastery of political locations and physical features of each culture region. Required of seventh graders.

431 AMERICAN STUDIES
This course is a survey investigation of topics in American history. The course sequence moves chronologically from the initial discovery and exploration of America to modern events and issues. It seeks to develop a strong foundation in the people and events in United States history. Students will examine the political, social, and economic events that define America’s history. Students discover America’s history through various writing assignments, class discussion, the use of technology, the study of current events, and the incorporation of primary sources. Required of eighth graders.
442 WORLD HISTORY I
This course investigates the development of Western Civilization throughout history. It begins with the ancient world of the near East, the Classical Period, and traces western society through the 1500s. Political, religious, cultural, and economic aspects are among the areas of comparison and contrast. This focus allows students to explore in depth the interactions of these civilizations, providing a better understanding of the complex roots of today’s societies. Required of ninth graders.

452 WORLD HISTORY II
This course continues the study of the development of Western Civilization from approximately 1500 to the present day. Focus is placed on the role the western world has had in shaping our world today. It culminates in an exploration of the issues and conflicts facing the world at the present time. Primary and secondary sources are utilized. The further development of critical thinking skills is a focus of this course. Required of tenth graders who do not take Advanced Placement European History.

457 ADVANCED PLACEMENT EUROPEAN HISTORY
This course is a rigorous, college-level survey of the political, social, and cultural trends in European history from the Renaissance to the present. Students should expect to complete an intensive program of reading in primary and secondary sources as well as historiography. Lecture and discussion methods will be employed. Frequent writing assignments are a component of the course. It is recommended that students buy an AP European review book to assist in preparation for the Advanced Placement examination. Students are required to take the Advanced Placement examination at the end of the course.
Admission is by permission of the department.

461 UNITED STATES HISTORY
This course examines the political, social, cultural, and diplomatic history of the United States from European settlement to the present. Primary sources are read by students and the development of logical argumentative skills in both debate and writing is stressed. Students prepare short research papers and engage each other in discussion of current events. Required of eleventh graders who do not take Advanced Placement United States History.

467 ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY
This college-level Advanced Placement course investigates topics from the exploration of the New World to the present. Numerous outside readings encourage critical thinking skills. Detailed note-taking from lectures is expected, and regular summaries of scholarly articles are prepared with the clarity and precision expected at the college level. Laptop computer use is an important component of this course. Students are required to take the Advanced Placement United States History examination. Admission is by permission of the department.

472A SENIOR GOVERNMENT ELECTIVE: AMERICA SINCE 1941
As Sam Cooke inquired in song, “Don’t Know Much About History?,” this course is a focus on the last six or seven decades of American history. Domestic events and issues are a primary focus, although the role of the United States as a player on the world stage is not ignored. The experience of the World War II, the onset of the Cold War, Korea, the Civil Rights movement, the Fifties culture, Korea, Vietnam, the Sixties culture, Watergate, the Reagan years, the Gulf War, the 2000 and 2004 elections, the 911 tragedy, and the ongoing war in Iraq are among the areas examined. Films pertinent to the eras or to particular events are a component of this course.
Fall and spring semesters.

472C SENIOR GOVERNMENT ELECTIVE: COMPARATIVE RELIGIONS
This semester course will survey the major religions of the world to include Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, Daoism and Confucianism, Shinto, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. The purpose of the course is to understand and compare the historical development of these religions. Students will learn how these beliefs are expressed through ceremonies, food, clothing, art, architecture, scripture, and music. Daily readings and discussions will explore the influences these religions have in today’s world. Students will research and create documents discussing the impact that occurs on world cultures, diplomacy, and business because of these belief systems. Freshman World History is a requirement along with developed reading, writing, and oratory skills. Fall semester only.
472E SENIOR GOVERNMENT ELECTIVE: GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the scientific study of behavioral and mental processes. It is a diverse discipline covering a broad range of topics. The goal of this course is to provide a general introduction to the main topic areas of psychology: Research methods, cognition, development, abnormal and social psychology. Students explore various theoretical perspectives of human behavior, become familiar with general psychological principles and review major research in the main topic areas. Current issues and trends in psychology are explored. Spring semester only.

477 ADVANCED PLACEMENT GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
This full-year course is a study of the Constitutional underpinnings of American government, political beliefs and behaviors, political parties, civil rights and civil liberties, and policy making of the national government, according to the requirements as set by the College Board. Students are required to take the Advanced Placement United States Government examination.
Admission is by permission of the department

478 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PSYCHOLOGY
This full-year course will provide students with the opportunity for an in-depth examination of the field of Psychology with specific emphasis on the unifying themes of human behavior and mental processes. Associated principles in the core areas of biological, developmental, abnormal, social, and behavioral psychology will also be emphasized. Students will be introduced to research methods, APA format, and current trends in psychological research. This small, discussion-based course is open to Juniors & Seniors; however, space is limited for underclassmen. Admission is by permission of the instructor and department.
473 GOVERNMENT
This course is a study of the foundations of the United States government with emphasis on the United States Constitution, federalism, the three branches of government, constitutional law, and current events. This course is offered in each semester and is required of seniors who do not take the Advanced Placement Government and Politics.
Note: Students not taking the Advanced Placement Government course must take the Government course during the semester in which Government is not taken. No Guarantees are made that a student’s first, or even second choice will be available.

479 HISTORY OF ART
Please refer to course 630 Advanced Placement Art History for the course description. Students opt to take this course either as a history department offering for credit in that area or as an art department offering for credit in that area, but not both. Senior students must also take a semester of Government or a year course in Advanced Placement Government.
Note: Students not taking the Advanced Placement Government course must take the Government course during the semester in which Government is not taken. No Guarantees are made that a student’s first, or even second choice will be available.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT
Chairman: Mrs. Gillespie

The foreign language requirement is three years of one language or two years of Latin followed by two years of a modern language. Most colleges prefer four or five years of one language or two years of Latin and two to three years of a modern language. Hampton Roads Academy will allow no exceptions to the graduation requirement in foreign language. In all courses, a minimum grade of 70 is required to advance to the next level, and in advanced levels the requirements may be more restrictive, as listed below.

606 6th GRADE FLEX -Foreign Language Exploratory
This is a three-language, nine-week introduction for foreign languages (Latin, Spanish and French) designed to expose sixth graders to some vocabulary in each language, as well as to stimulate and nurture an appreciation for all languages, English included. Cultural awareness and respect for differences are also engendered through various activities such as interviewing immigrants and preparing and sharing new foods.

510/512/516 FRENCH, SPANISH, OR LATIN I-A
Each of these three courses is an introductory class for seventh graders that constitutes the first portion of the Level I (high school credit) course. The remainder of the course is completed during the eighth grade year (Level 1-B). As seventh graders, they begin learning the basic vocabulary, structures, and, in the case of the modern languages, the sound system of the foreign language, as well as receiving a foundation in the cultural aspects of the target language. Students select from among the three languages offered, with no changes to be allowed in their choice of study until the completion of the eighth grade.

511/513/517 FRENCH, SPANISH, OR LATIN I-B
Each of these three courses is an eighth-grade offering that constitutes the second half of the Level I course in the foreign language. Students continue basic vocabulary building, begin to become familiar with many of the structural components of the language, as well as learn about the culture of the target language. After the successful completion of this course, students will proceed to Level II in the ninth grade. Students new to the Academy as eighth graders should consult with the Department Head regarding course selection.

501 FRENCH I
This course, for ninth graders and above when there is sufficient enrollment, is the first year of the high school sequence. Listening, speaking, reading and writing skills are emphasized. France and the Francophone world are explored, as well as the cultural diversity of the French-speaking world and basic grammatical concepts.

502 FRENCH II
The course reviews and expands the basic concepts of both language and culture learned in French I. The class is conducted in French. The main emphasis of the course is the incorporation of concepts into writing, speaking, and developing ease in basic expression in the language.

503 FRENCH III
This course, conducted in French, reinforces skills learned in French I and II and expands the knowledge of French by introducing more advanced grammar skills. Cultural awareness continues to be stressed. Students at this level are expected to produce longer and more detailed spoken and written work.

504 HONORS FRENCH IV
This course provides an introduction to more advanced reading in French. The class is conducted entirely in French. There is emphasis on vocabulary building, reading comprehension, writing in French, and oral expression. Grammar includes a review of previously learned concepts and the teaching of advanced grammar concepts.
506 ADVANCED PLACEMENT FRENCH
Prerequisites: French IV with a grade of 83 or better, permission of the department, and a demonstrated interest and ability in the language.
The Advanced Placement French course prepares students for the AP French Language examination. Students review grammar skills, review and enhance vocabulary, increase listening and speaking skills, write compositions, and read excerpts from literature. The course allows students to perfect their knowledge of French. Methods of teaching are modeled after the format of the Advanced Placement French Language examination, which is required of all students.

521 SPANISH I
This course, for ninth graders and above when there is sufficient enrollment, is intended to build a solid foundation in the Spanish language and the culture of Latin America and Spain. Grammar and vocabulary are learned to fit into particular, meaningful contexts. Other essential elements are reading, writing, and speaking with a particular emphasis on verb conjugation.

522 SPANISH II
The Spanish II course builds upon the foundation laid in Spanish I in the four language skill areas and continues to emphasize cultural awareness. Class is conducted primarily in Spanish. Students learn vocabulary through topical units and extend their grammatical knowledge to include all verb tenses in the indicative mood. Written and spoken expressions begin to be of an extended, rather than single sentence, nature.

523 SPANISH III
This course is designed to complete the students’ study of Spanish grammar as it relates to verbs (subjunctive mood) and other constructions such as passive voice. Students use selected readings to enhance comprehension and increase vocabulary. Written drills and oral presentations by students are an important part of the students’ grades. Good listening comprehension skills are necessary because the class is conducted in Spanish.
524 HONORS SPANISH IV
The Honors Spanish IV course is intended for the student who wishes to pursue Spanish at the advanced level, but whose primary goal is increasing functional proficiency. A more in-depth cultural and literary treatment of Spanish is included in the Honors Spanish IV-V course. The class is conducted in Spanish and focuses on putting the vocabulary and structures students have learned to work in real or simulated situations. Although most topics in vocabulary and grammar have been investigated previously, the Spanish IV course covers each in more detail. Cultural topics will vary from year to year depending on the instructor.

525 HONORS SPANISH IV-V
Prerequisites: 87 or better in Spanish III, demonstrated motivation for language learning, and recommendation of the department; or permission of the department after completion of the Spanish IV course.

The Honors Spanish IV-V course is an advanced treatment of Spanish available to selected students after three years of study and to students who have successfully completed Honors Spanish IV. It serves as both an introduction to college-level Spanish and a prerequisite to the Advanced Placement Spanish Language course. Students in Honors Spanish begin to use their language skills in more sophisticated areas as they explore literary and cultural topics, but they also devote time to basic vocabulary building and to the study of structural topics. This course is conducted entirely in Spanish.

526 ADVANCED PLACEMENT SPANISH
Prerequisites: Honors Spanish IV-V with a grade of 83 or better, permission of the department, and a demonstrated interest and ability in the language.
This course, which follows Honors Spanish IV-V, includes a complete review and refinement of all Spanish grammar, rigorous vocabulary building, extensive practice in listening and speaking, as well as readings of contemporary literature and periodicals. Practice exercises are directly linked to the types of questions the students will encounter on the Advanced Placement Spanish Language examination, which is required of all students.
541 LATIN I
This course, for ninth graders and above when there is sufficient enrollment, is the first of the high school sequence. They study basic Latin vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. By the end of the year, students should be able to read simple Latin stories with ease. In addition, students in Latin I study English vocabulary derived from Latin and common Latin phrases found in English. The course offers an overview of Roman geography, history, and civilization. Special emphasis is placed on the study of classical mythology.

542 LATIN II
In Latin II, students continue their study of Latin vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. By the end of the year, students learn most of the fundamentals of Latin grammar and are able to read short passages from Latin authors, occasionally with some adaptations. Students continue to study Latin’s influence on English. At the end of the year, students learn the Greek alphabet and some basic Greek vocabulary. The study of Roman culture in Latin II focuses on daily life and Roman history and government, particularly that of the Roman Republic.

543 LATIN III (LATIN PROSE)
In Latin III, students complete their study of basic Latin grammar with the subjunctive mood and conditional sentences and begin to read extensive selections from Latin prose literature. Classical authors studied include the Younger Pliny, Tacitus, Livy, Caesar, and Cicero. Students are also introduced to Patristic, Medieval, and Renaissance Latin prose, reading selections from such authors as St. Jerome, St. Augustine, and Petrarch. Students continue to develop their Latin vocabulary with English derivatives, and there is an ongoing review of grammar. Students further their study of mythology by reading some chapters in English from Ovid’s Metamorphoses and continue their study of Roman history and civilization with particular emphasis on the period of Caesar and Cicero.
544 HONORS LATIN IV (LATIN POETRY)
Fourth year Latin is an introduction to Latin poetry. Students learn the grammatical forms, meters, figures of speech, and vocabulary used in Latin poetry. After reading short selections from Phaedrus and Martial, students will read more extensive selections from Catullus and Ovid. During the year, the students also will read a few selections from Medieval Latin poetry. The final part of the year is spent translating selections from Virgil’s Aeneid. To prepare for the Aeneid, over the course of the year, students read and discuss in English Homer’s Odyssey.

546 ADVANCED PLACEMENT LATIN
Prerequisite: Latin IV with a grade of 83 or better and/or the permission of the instructor.
In Advanced Placement Latin, students read the poetry of Catullus and Ovid in detail. Equivalent to the second semester of third-year college Latin, the Advanced Placement course requires the student to translate a large number of the poems of Catullus and selections from Ovid’s Amores and Metamorphoses that are specified by the College Board in the Advanced Placement Latin Literature curriculum. All students enrolled in AP Latin will take the exam in May.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Chairman: Mr. Yevak

PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
Five “seasons” (units) of physical education are required beyond the eighth grade year. Eighth grade students are required to take health in conjunction with physical education for graduation credit. Playing on a team, managing for a team, or athletic training for a team all count toward the five season requirement. Physical Education elective classes also count as “seasons” but may fulfill no more than two of the five units. Off-campus sports/physical activities may fulfill no more than two of the five units and must be approved by the PE department. (Generally, one hundred hours of an off-campus sport equate to one season, and off-campus sports participation forms must be submitted and approved in order to receive credit for those activities.) A combination of off-campus sports and physical education electives can fulfill no more than three of the five seasons required for graduation. Therefore, a minimum of two of the five seasons must come from playing, managing, or athletic training for Hampton Roads Academy. Exceptions to this policy must have the approval of the department chair and the division head.

833 INTRODUCTION TO STRENGTH TRAINING
The primary goal of the Physical Education program is to encourage students to exercise and to participate in lifetime sports and activities. The strength training course is a daily semester-length course. Students train with weights in order to achieve a desired body mass and to enhance muscular strength. They learn the basics of strength training including how to manipulate training variables to produce various results. They learn about and practice several different approaches to strength training. The rules and safety precautions characteristic of a well-run strength training facility are presented and stressed. Classroom discussions and videos about concepts and principles are conducted. Our hope is that every student will develop the commitment to make strength training a lifestyle habit. Offered fall and spring semesters.

835 TOTAL FITNESS
Year-round activity is vital to personal well-being. Total fitness will combine aerobic conditioning with flexibility and strengthening exercises to enhance cardiovascular capacity, stamina, coordination and self-esteem. A variety of exercises will be used to achieve these goals, including core stability exercises, dynamic stretching techniques, plyometrics, speed and agility drills, pilates and yoga concepts and muscle toning activities. The course is appropriate for any student, regardless of current fitness level. This course will be a daily semester-length course offered to 9-12th grades.

FINE ARTS DEPARTMENT
AND
ART/MUSIC/COMPUTER
Visual Arts Chairman: Mrs. Tarbox
Performing Arts Chairman: Mr. Gandolfo

Fine Arts requirement and exemption policy: One and one-half credits in Fine Arts elective courses are required for graduation. Students must select courses from any two areas: visual arts, music (vocal or instrumental), and performing arts. Students who participate in Upper School Band class or Upper School Chorus class can fulfill the Fine Arts requirement by completing three semesters of either Upper School Band or Upper School Chorus. Junior students transferring from a program lacking a Fine Arts requirement are required to take one credit and seniors are required to take one-half in either the visual or performing arts. Students may not be exempt from the Fine Arts course requirement.

All course in the Fine Arts are graded. Students in grades 9-12 receive one-half credit towards graduation from each semester course. Some courses require a fee for supplies or instruments that are used in the course.

606 ART 6
The sixth grade art course is taught in rotation with music, computer, and FLEX courses. This is a hands-on, project-based class in which students are introduced to a variety of media, techniques, and concepts. Throughout the production process, students relate to works of art, including their own, by discussing use of the Elements and Principles of Design within each piece. Basic drawing, painting, graphic design, and craft skills are explored during the quarter. The teacher encourages the students to stretch creative thought processes in order to problem solve, build on knowledge, and further develop fine motor skills.

606 MUSIC 6
Sixth Grade Music is taught in rotation with art, computer, and FLEX courses. Students focus on the basics of vocal production, music theory and solfege. A music appreciation unit features the music of Edvard Grieg and Modeste Mussorgsky.

606 COMPUTER 6
The sixth grade introduction to computers is taught in rotation with art, music, and foreign language exploratory (FLEX). The quarter-length course introduces students to the computer and the computer keyboard, with emphasis on the basic techniques of touch-typing and word processing skills. Students have the opportunity to learn the proper finger reaches for the alphabet, numbers, and symbols. In addition to exercises that allow them to further their word processing skills, sixth graders learn to use the Internet search engines to research topics and produce their own Web pages.

616 BAND 6
This year-long class introduces sixth grade students to the study of instrumental music. In addition to learning basics of playing a particular instrument, students focus on fundamentals of music such as counting, rhythm, tone, melody, harmony, and musical expression. Performance opportunities are included in each semester. Class meets daily, and students elect to take this course in place of the regular sixth grade exploratory rotation of art, music, computer, and FLEX. Students are required to attend a mini-computer class during the course of the year that meets during the regular band class..

607 MUSIC 7
Seventh Grade Choral Music is a semester music class taught in rotation with computer, and teen talk courses. The course builds on the skills of vocal production, music theory, and solfege presented in the sixth grade music course. A music appreciation unit features music from the Baroque period, covering the lives and music of J.S. Bach and G.F. Handel.

607 COMPUTER 7
The seventh grade computer course is taught in rotation with the music and teen talk course. This quarter-length course continues to reinforce basic keyboarding techniques of touch-typing and word processing skills learned during the sixth grade class. After attaining reasonable command of the keyboard, students key business letters, memoranda, outlines, and rough drafts. Internet search engines and Web page design are reviewed, and students learn to create presentations using Microsoft PowerPoint.
This class works in concert with and reinforces the language arts program by having students complete a research paper which follows the standards found in the MLA Handbook.

607 TEEN TALK
Pre-teens and teens crave opportunities for personal growth. The kind of exploration offered through Teen Talk allows students to discover who they are and how they are in the world. Through experiential activities, students explore communication, cooperation, concentration, responsibility, decision-making, values identification, creativity, peer pressure, conflict resolution, and friendships. Students are encouraged to challenge assumptions they have about the world and each other, accepting each other for face value and respecting those qualities not so obvious. The middle school counselor facilitates the class.

617 BAND 7
This yearlong course builds on concepts and skills learned in the sixth grade band class. Seventh graders continue to expand on music fundamentals, as well as the mechanics of playing a particular instrument. Performance opportunities are included in each semester. Class meets daily, and students elect to take this course instead of the regular seventh grade rotation. Students attend a mini-computer skills course instead of band to refresh skills in that area.

608 ART 8
This course is taught in rotation with drama, music and computer skills courses. Students are exposed to the major movements, significant artists, and styles in art. Students learn to distinguish media and methods used in the creation of art. A few select cultures and time periods are be emphasized. This helps to stimulate awareness of the important role that the arts have played in history and their significance in our lives today. Students engage in several studio assignments that relate to the movements, media, techniques, and specific subject matter studied.

608 MUSIC 8
Eighth Grade Music is taught in rotation with art, computer, and drama courses. The course builds on the basics of vocal production, music theory, and solfege earned in seventh grade music. A music appreciation unit features Classical Music covering the lives and music of W. A. Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven.

608 THEATER 8
This course meets in rotation with art, music, and computer skills. Through memorized text, extemporaneous speaking, microphone, and camera work, students learn the skills necessary to become effective public speakers. Acting, diction, and vocal exercises teach students the importance of clear thinking and poised presentations. Middle school homeroom is used as a testing ground throughout the term for newly acquired skills.

608 COMPUTER 8
This course meets in rotation with art, music, and drama. The quarter-length course continues to reinforce keyboard and word processing skills. Speed and accuracy are emphasized. Students learn how to write resumes and follow proper job interviewing skills. Microsoft Excel is introduced to permit students to generate spreadsheets for various tasks. Students learn the basic skills needed to create and make use of databases using Microsoft Access. Emphasis is placed on using the computer as an integrated learning tool.
608 BAND 8
This yearlong course continues concepts learned in the seventh grade class and addresses the varying musical skills of all students. This course expands the students’ knowledge of music, fundamentals, and musicianship. More advanced music and concepts are introduced. Performance opportunities are included in each semester. Students elect to take this course in place of the regular eighth grade exploratory rotation of art, music, drama, and computer skills. Students are required to attend a mini-computer class during the course of the year that meets during the regular band class.

621 INTRODUCTORY STUDIO ART
This semester course is designed to acquaint all students with the discipline of the visual arts. Open to ninth through twelfth grade students, it is offered not just for students who may choose to make art a lifetime career, but for all who wish to be literate in the visual arts. Studio projects focus on the Elements and Principles of Design and offer a variety of media experiences in which to practice these art fundamentals. In addition to studio production, students are actively involved in the processes of art criticism, historical inquiry, and aesthetic discrimination. Students are challenged to develop personal means of expression and to solve design problems with originality.

622 INTERMEDIATE STUDIO ART
Prerequisite: Introductory Studio Art.
This semester course builds on concepts and skills that have been explored in the Introductory Studio Art class. Open to students who have taken Introductory Studio Art, it is designed not just for students who may choose to make art a lifetime career, but for all learners who wish to be literate in the visual arts. Throughout this course students will gain confidence in their ability to work with a variety of media and techniques while composing successful compositions. Students are introduced to processes including acrylic painting, printing, and clay relief. Skills in matting and display, as well as stretching and priming of canvases, are taught. Studio projects require students to study the style of several art movements and to apply this knowledge to the creation of original work. Students are actively involved in processes of art criticism and aesthetic discrimination and are continually challenged to apply these processes to their individual creations.
625 ADVANCED STUDIO ART
Prerequisites: Introductory Studio Art and Intermediate Studio Art.
This course is designed for highly interested tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grade students who have acquired varied experiences and technical skills in studio production. Students continue to develop personal solutions to artistic problems by applying their knowledge of the Elements and Principles of Design. The four components of discipline-based art education - production, art criticism, art history, and aesthetics - are stressed. Students refine acrylic painting skills, study watercolor techniques, and experiment with printing techniques. Themes for this course center upon topics of importance to each student. A major focus of the course is the development of a personal style. Techniques for creating personal expressiveness are emphasized. Students are also exposed to the processes of preparing work for display and entering work in art exhibitions.

630 ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART HISTORY
This year-long survey course is open to students in grades ten, eleven and twelve and is taught according to the guidelines of the Advanced Placement program. It is intended to provide for students a familiarity with the development of art, its major movements and figures, and the Western world. No prior experience in art history is assumed; however, students who take this course must have a strong degree of motivation and responsibility because of the depth and breadth of study. Therefore, recommendations from both English and history teachers are required upon application to the class. This is a college-level course, and students are required to take the Advanced Placement Art History examination.
Prerequisites: Recommendations from History and English Departments and permission of instructor. Students may receive credit for this course in either history or fine arts, but not both. If this course is elected as a history course, students are still required to take a semester of Government or a year in Advanced Placement Government.
629 ADVANCED PLACEMENT STUDIO ART DRAWING
Prerequisites: Introductory Studio Art, Intermediate Studio Art, Advanced Studio Art, and permission of the instructor. Students are required to complete assignments in the summer. Two semesters. Open to students in grades 11 and 12.
AP Studio Art Drawing offers motivated students an opportunity to create an extensive body of work that reflects ability to work with a variety of media and techniques while composing successful compositions. Throughout the year students work toward completing the elements of the AP Studio Drawing Portfolio both during class time and out of school. All works will stress line as the essential component, although the media and techniques used will vary. Throughout this course students develop an area of concentration that reflects both technical growth and the development of their artistic voice. Although studio production is an important component, this course also strives to generate critical thinking and a heightened understanding of the aesthetic qualities in works of art through class critique, reading assignments, and written art criticisms. At the conclusion of the course, students submit their portfolios in slide form to the College Board for evaluation. Students may receive college credit or advanced placement in college courses.

639 ADVANCED PLACEMENT STUDIO ART DESIGN
Prerequisites: Introductory Studio Art, Intermediate Studio Art, Photography I, Photography II, and permission of the instructor. Students are required to complete assignments in the summer. Two semesters. Open to students in grades 11 and 12.
The AP Studio 2D Design course offers motivated students on opportunity to create an extensive body of work that reflects ability to work with a variety of media and techniques while composing successful compositions. Throughout the year, students work toward completing the elements of the AP Studio 2D Design portfolio both during class time and outside of school. All works stress line as the essential component, although the media and techniques used will vary. Throughout this course students develop an area of concentration that will reflect both technical growth and the development of their artistic voice. Although studio production is an important component, this course also strives to generate critical thinking and a heightened understanding of the aesthetic qualities in works of art through class critique, reading assignments, and written art criticisms. At the conclusion of the course, students submit their portfolios as original works and in slide form to the College Board for evaluation. Students may received college credit or advanced placement in college courses.

623 CERAMICS I
Prerequisite: Introductory Studio Art.
Ceramics I is a one-semester course offered to students in grades nine through twelve. This course involves students in the three dimensional production of functional and decorative objects made from clay. Traditional hand-building techniques such as slab, coil, and pinching are taught. The influences of other cultures upon the design and decoration of pottery, as well as influences of contemporary ceramic artists, are discussed with assignments. The Elements and Principles of Design are discussed in critiques and throughout the production process. Although not a prerequisite for Advanced Placement Studio Art, this course provides a diverse three-dimensional experience that represents a valuable background for the Advanced Placement course.

626 CERAMICS II
Prerequisite: Introductory Studio Art, Ceramics I.
This course is offered for one semester to students in grades ten through twelve. Students expand on techniques for working with clay learned in Ceramics I. They develop greater proficiency in hand-building and wheel-throwing techniques. Students expand their artistic vocabulary through in-depth projects. Students are expected to experiment more in combining building and decorating techniques. In addition, students note the influences of cultures on ceramics throughout history, as well as on contemporary artists.

624 PHOTOGRAPHY I
Prerequisite: Introductory Studio Art.
This semester-long foundation course is open to students in grades nine through twelve who have taken Introductory Studio Art. Students are introduced to basic camera handling, black and white film development and printing, and photography as a medium of expression. Emphasis is placed on craftsmanship and technical proficiency. All students must have unlimited access to a 35 mm manual camera for their assignments. Rental cameras are available. There is a lab fee assessed to each student enrolled in this course to cover film, dark room chemicals, matting supplies, and enlargement paper for prints. All students have a portfolio of work to be taken home at the end of the semester.

628 PHOTOGRAPHY II
Prerequisite: Introductory Studio Art and Photography I.
This course builds on the photographic processes introduced in Photography I. Photography II is open to students in grades ten through twelve who have successfully completed both Introductory Studio Art and Photography I. More emphasis is placed on technical proficiency and craftsmanship using Adobe Photoshop as well as working in the darkroom. Each student’s work is expected to reflect this and to be very consistent by the end of the semester. More freedom is given within each assignment to explore personal interests and ideas. Students are also involved in creative exploration that unites photography with other media and studio techniques. A 35 mm manual camera is mandatory for entrance into the class, and a laboratory fee is assessed to each student in order to cover supply costs. Rental cameras are available. Students have a portfolio of work to take home at the end of the semester.
642 MUSIC APPRECIATION
This course is for anyone interested in learning more about ALL kinds of music. No instrumental skills are required. Students learn about many different types of music by exploring historical and cultural context through reading, writing and listening and compare and contrast different styles of music. Students of varying levels of musical expertise, including those with no formal training in music, are welcome and encouraged to take this course.
Fall semester only.

643 MUSIC THEORY
This course is offered to all upper school students who would like to improve their understanding of music theory, without regard to their current level of understanding. Students should be proficient at a basic level (one to two years of study) on an instrument. A music theory textbook is utilized and workbook and listening exercises help students to develop their “music vocabulary.” Greater understanding of melodic and harmonic relationships is stressed and students will learn to apply those skills to music listening and/or playing.
Spring semester only.

659 AP MUSIC THEORY
This course is offered to all upper school students who would like to improve their understanding of music theory, without regard to their current level of understanding. Students should be proficient at a basic level on an instrument or vocally. A music theory textbook, workbook, and listening exercises help students to develop their “musical vocabulary.” An understanding of melodic and harmonic relationships is stressed and students will learn to apply those skills to music listening and performance. Enrollment by permission of instructor.
645 UPPER SCHOOL CHORUS
This one-semester course is open to students in grades nine through twelve. It is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of singing. Students learn about intonation, diction, phrasing techniques, breath control, and sight-singing. Extra rehearsals and group performances are required. When sufficient skills have been developed, students may be selected by the director to enter district, state, or national competitions. In addition, students sing choral pieces that lead to performances at the end of either semester or at other occasions.

647 UPPER SCHOOL BAND
This one-semester class is open to students in grades nine through twelve. It is designed for the experienced musician. The class expands and refines the experienced students’ technical and musical abilities; it also reinforces the basics and fundamentals of music. Emphasis is placed on advanced rhythms, scales, chromatic, sight-reading, and music theory. Group performances are required. Pep Band and Navigator Band members must enroll in this course.

­649 JAZZ IMPROVISATION I
This fall semester course introduces to the music student fundamental jazz theory, technique, and applied skills. Class work and assignments emphasize basic nomenclature, chords, modes of the major scale, melodic motive development, feel, cycles, and phrase construction. Performance, composition, analysis, listening, and ear training are also included. Prerequisite: Advanced skills on a musical instrument, including the ability to read music.

650 JAZZ IMPROVISATION II
This spring semester course is a continuation of jazz theory and applied skills. Class work and assignments explore additional chord progressions and changes, modes of the melodic minor scale, diminished scale, whole-tone scale, and advanced rhythmic development. Performance, composition, analysis, transcribing, listening, and ear training are also included. Prerequisite: Jazz Improvisation I.

652 UPPER SCHOOL STRINGS
This semester course meets daily and is open to intermediate and advanced level string players in grades 9-12. The class strives to continue to develop the students’ technical and musical skills. Emphasis will be placed on advancing scales, rhythms, bowings, positions, and sight-reading. Music from many historical periods will be played. Upper School Strings will be required to play for several school performances throughout the year, in addition to opportunities to play for the community at large.

661 TECHNICAL THEATER
This one-semester course is open to students in 9th through twelfth grades. Technical Theater introduces students to the art of theatrical production from the back-stage point of view. Given this focus, the course is ideal for those students who are interested in the non-acting, yet vitally essential, aspects of theater arts. Topics covered include sound, lighting, set construction, scene painting, and backstage organization, with special emphasis given to achieving a common artistic goal. In addition to daily class work, Technical Theater students support the theater program by running “tech” for non-theater school events and guest performance groups Students may retake the course with the permission of the instructor.

662 INTRODUCTION TO BASIC ACTING
This semester course is designed to provide the novice student the opportunity to understand and appreciate the development of early theatre origins and to develop and experience the disciplines and techniques for consistent and successful stage acting. An appreciation of the acting experience is gained by giving students the arena to discover, discuss, interpret, rehearse, and perform a variety of individual and group exercises and rehearse and perform monologues and selected scenes for development and critique. In this way students learn not only insight and respect for learning the practical applications of acting techniques but also build individual self-esteem and confidence by applying learned disciplines in an onstage performance in front of a live audience.
667 PERFORMANCE IMPROVISATION
This semester course is designed to give all students the opportunity to develop and perform improvisational theater methods in controlled classroom and live audience situations. These techniques are designed to give even the most introverted student an avenue of expression and performance that fuels self-esteem through creative expression and experimentation. Students also gain experience in basic stage exercises to establish presence, focus, movement, basic blocking, public awareness, and sensibilities in expression. The class format also emphasized teamwork. Students must perform together for the greater good. By building these disciplines, a student furthers his/her sense of confidence, responsibility, control, and reliability.

.SUPPLEMENTARY FINE ARTS PROGRAMS

MIDDLE SCHOOL STRINGS
This year-long course requires at least an intermediate beginner’s skill level on the student’s instrument. This would include knowledge of note reading, and basic fundamentals and mechanics of playing a stringed instrument. This course develops the student’s skills in intonation, rhythm, scales, positions, listening, and sense of ensemble. Appropriate theory and historical considerations are included in the course. Participants in the program will perform for various school and community functions.
GENERAL ELECTIVES

701/711 KEYBOARDING
This semester-length course introduces students to the computer and the computer keyboard with emphasis on the basic techniques to touch-typing and word processing. Students learn the proper finger reaches for the alphabet, numbers, and symbols keys. Timed exercises are an integral part of the course. The use of Internet search engines, the design of Web pages, the utilization of Power Point for presentations, and the use of databases using Microsoft Access are among the skills developed.

724 YEARBOOK
This full-year course is open to students in grades nine through twelve. The yearbook class is a graded class in which the student receives one elective credit. The yearbook staff is completely responsible for the conceptualization, development, and production of the Academy’s annual. Throughout the creation process, students strengthen their organizational and leadership abilities as they develop skills in photography, layout and graphic design, computer word processing, writing, advertising, and marketing.
INDEPENDENT STUDY

To encourage academic curiosity and intellectual exploration, independent study projects of one semester duration may be offered. This course is offered in addition to the five-course minimum required by Hampton Roads Academy. The following guidelines apply:

1. All proposals must be approved by the appropriate department chair, division head, and the Academic Affairs Committee.

2. Student applications should be prepared and submitted on the Independent Study forms available from the appropriate department chair. Forms are due by the April and November meetings of the Academic Affairs Committee.

3. Students must secure the support of an HRA faculty sponsor before requesting approval. The Academy supports these projects whenever faculty resources are available; however, if a teacher is not able to serve as a sponsor, the school is not required to provide one.

4. A minimum of three scheduled meetings per week with the faculty sponsor and the student is required.

5. Independent study may not be substituted for a required course. The independent study supplements the existing curriculum and is completed in addition to graduation requirements.

6. After an independent study proposal is approved, a copy of the contract signed by the student, his/her parent, the department chair, and the faculty sponsor will be filed. Each student will be accountable for the successful completion of the project.

7. Upon successful completion, appropriate credit is awarded based on a pass/fail system. Independent Study is a non-GPA course.